Module Number

Power-Split Hybrid System

A power-split hybrid system is a type of drivetrain that uses a planetary gearset to dynamically manage power from multiple sources—typically an engine and one or more electric motors. This system allows for seamless power distribution, enabling the vehicle (or, in this case, a kite engine) to operate on electric power, manual input, or a combination of both. By intelligently adjusting the power flow, a power-split system maximizes efficiency, adapts to varying demands, and provides flexibility in how power is used or stored.

For the kite engine, the power-split hybrid system unlocks several key capabilities:

Dual Control Options: It allows for both electric and manual control, meaning that operators can switch between hand-crank/manual input or electric-powered operation. This dual control is beneficial in situations where electric power may not be available or to provide fine control when needed.

Regenerative Braking (Regen): When the kite generates tension on the lines, the system can convert this mechanical energy back into electrical energy, storing it for future use. This regenerative braking capability improves the efficiency of the system by capturing energy that would otherwise be lost, similar to how hybrid cars recharge their batteries during braking.

Efficient Power Distribution: By managing how power flows through the system, the power-split hybrid configuration ensures that the engine (or manual input) and the electric motor work together efficiently. This allows the kite engine to dynamically adapt to wind conditions and user inputs, providing both consistent control and maximum energy utilization.


Ferdinand Porsche pioneered hybrid drivetrains in the early 20th century for military tanks, Notably, he designed the Porsche Tiger (VK 4501(P)combining combustion engines with electric motors to enhance vehicle performance.

Takeshi Uchiyamada and Toyota independently developed the modern hybrid drivetrain for consumer vehicles, exemplified by the Prius, focusing on fuel efficiency and emissions reduction.

STEP files

HSUN
PLANETS x 4
HANN
SHIM
PLANET CROWN
HSUN SLOT
HPLANET SLOT
HANN SLOT

PARTS

Here’s a breakdown of the mechanical advantages and gear ratios for each stage of the OKE hybrid drivetrain, focusing on how the gear pairs interact to achieve the overall mechanical advantage:

1. HANN00 Crank Input to Compound Annulus Gear

  • HANN00 Crank: 14 teeth

  • Compound Annulus Gear (First Gear): 140 teeth

This 10:1 ratio means that for every rotation of the HANN00 crank, the compound annulus gear rotates one-tenth of a turn. This creates a significant mechanical advantage by reducing speed and increasing torque in the system.

2. Compound Annulus Gear (Second Stage) to Planet Gear

  • Compound Annulus Gear (Second Gear): 128 teeth

  • Planet Gear: 48 teeth

  • Gear Ratio: 12848=2.67:1\frac{128}{48} = 2.67:148128​=2.67:1

This 2.67:1 ratio further increases the mechanical advantage, reducing the speed of the planetary carrier and increasing the output torque. The compound annulus transfers its reduced speed to the 48-tooth planet gear.

3. Planet Gear to HSUN Gear

  • Planet Gear: 48 teeth

  • HSUN Gear: 32 teeth

  • Gear Ratio: 4832=1.5:1\frac{48}{32} = 1.5:13248​=1.5:1

The 1.5:1 ratio further decreases the speed transmitted to the planetary carrier while enhancing torque. The HSUN gear also engages with the planet gear and drives the final output.

4. Combined Mechanical Advantage (Overall Gear Ratio)

  • From HANN00 Crank Input to Planetary Carrier Output: 30.48:1

    • This means that the entire system, from the HANN00 crank to the planetary carrier output, has an overall mechanical advantage of 30.48:1. For every full rotation of the HANN00 crank, the planetary carrier output rotates only 1/30.48 turns, significantly boosting torque.

  • From HSUN00 to Planetary Carrier Output: 56:48, or 7:6

    • This partial ratio applies when HSUN00 acts as an input and provides a mechanical advantage that is moderate compared to the HANN00-to-carrier ratio.